bar graph | A graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent data. |
box-and-whisker plot | A graph that uses a number line to show the distribution of a set of data. |
categorical data | Data that details non-numerical features of an object. Examples of categorical data include eye color, blood type, and types of computers. |
circle graph | Also called a pie chart, a type of graph where categorical data is represented as sections of a whole circle. |
compound event | An event with more than one outcome. |
data | Mathematical term for information such as values or measurements. |
equally likely | Having the same likelihood of occurring, such that in a large number of trials, two equally likely outcomes would happen roughly the same number of times. |
event | A collection of possible outcomes, often describable using a common characteristic, such as rolling an even number with a die or picking a card from a specific suit. |
event space | The set of possible outcomes in an event: for example, the event “rolling an even number” on a die has the event space of 2, 4, and 6. |
Fundamental Counting Principle | If one event has p possible outcomes, and another event has m possible outcomes, then there are a total of p • m possible outcomes for the two events. |
histogram | A graph using bars to show continuous quantitative data over a series of similar-sized intervals. The height of the bar shows the frequency of the data, and the width of the bar represents the interval for the data. |
line graph | Used to show continuous data, a graph where individual data points are connected with line segments. Line graphs are typically used for data sets that track a quantity over time. |
mean | The sum of all the data values in a data set divided by the number of items in the data set; also called the average. |
median | The middle number or the mean of the two middle numbers of a set of ordered data. |
midrange | The mean of the greatest and least values of a data set. |
mode | The number that appears most often in a data set. |
outcome | A result of a trial. |
pictograph | A graph that uses small icons or pictures to represent data. |
probability | A measure of how likely it is that something will occur. |
quantitative data | Numerical data. Examples of quantitative data include height, weight, and test scores. |
quartile | The name of quarter sections of an ordered set of data. |
range | The set of all possible outputs in a function. Also the difference between the greatest value of a data set and the least value. |
sample space | The set of all possible outcomes. |
simple event | An event with only one outcome. |
stem-and-leaf plot | A type of graph used to visualize quantitative data. In a stem-and-leaf plot the digits of each number are organized separately to display a set of data. |
tree diagram | A diagram that shows the choices or random outcomes from multiple trials, using branches for each new outcomes. |
trial | A random action or series of actions. |
x-axis | The horizontal axis of a coordinate plane. Also the horizontal axis of a bar graph or histogram. |
y-axis | The vertical axis of a coordinate plane. Also the vertical axis of a bar graph or histogram. |