An angle measuring less than 90º.

A triangle with three angles that each measure between 0º and 90º.

For all real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a + c = b + c. If two expressions are equal to each other and you add the same value to both sides of the equation, the equation will remain equal.

For three or more real numbers, the product is the same regardless of how you group the numbers. For example, (3 • 5) • 7 = 3 • (5 • 7).

The expression that is being raised to a power when using exponential notation. In 5³, 5 is the base, which is the number that is repeatedly multiplied. 5³ = 5 • 5 • 5. In a^b, a is the base.

The expression that is being raised to a power when using exponential notation. In 5³, 5 is the base, which is the number that is repeatedly multiplied. 5³ = 5 • 5 • 5. In a^b, a is the base.

A polynomial with exactly two terms, such as 5y² – 4x and x⁵ + 6.

The distance around a circle, calculated by the formula C = d.

A logarithm using 10 as the base (log₁₀).

Two real numbers can be multiplied in any order without changing the product. For example, 8 • 9 = 9 • 8.

Two angles whose measurements add up to 90º.

Two complex numbers for which the real parts are equal and the imaginary parts are additive inverses. a + bi and a – bi are complex conjugates.

A number in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of −1.

A statement including two inequality statements joined either by the word “or” or “and.” For example, 2x − 3 < 5 and x + 14 > 11.

One binomial in a conjugate pair. Given the binomial a + b, the conjugate is a – b; given a – b, the conjugate is a + b.

A pair of binomials that, when multiplied, follow the pattern:

The product of a pair of binomials that are conjugates is the difference of two squares.

Represented by the variable k in variation problems, the constant of variation is a number that relates the input and the output.

A plane formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line called the x-axis and a vertical number line called the y-axis.

If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, then the cosine of angle A is the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to angle A over the length of the hypotenuse.

The number which, when multiplied together three times yields the original number. For example, the cube root of 64 is 4 because 4 • 4 • 4 = 64.

The degree of a monomial is the power to which the variable is raised. For example, the monomial 5y² has a degree of 2. If the monomial contains several variables then the degree of the monomial is the sum of the degree of all the variables. For example, the monomial 7x²y³ has a degree of 5.

The highest exponent or sum of exponents of a term in a polynomial. For example, 7x²y³ + 3x²y − 8 is a 5th degree polynomial because the highest sum of exponents in a term is 2 + 3 = 5.

A type of variation where the output varies directly with the input. Direct variation is represented by the formula y = kx.

In the Quadratic Formula, the expression underneath the radical symbol: b² – 4ac. The discriminant can be used to determine the number and type of solutions the formula will reveal.

The number that you are dividing by in a division problem. In the problem , 2 is the divisor.

The set of all input values or x-coordinates of the function.

When a number is expressed in the form a^b, ^b is the exponent. The exponent indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. Power and exponent mean the same thing.

When a number is expressed in the form a^b, ^b is the exponent. The exponent indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. Power and exponent mean the same thing.

An exponential function of the form f(x) = b^x, where 0 < b < 1. The function decreases as x increases.

A function of the form f(x) = b^x, where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

An exponential function of the form f(x) = b^x, where b > 1, and b ≠ 1. The function increases as x increases.

A shorter way to write repeated multiplication. For example, 2⁴ means 2 • 2 • 2 • 2. Two is used as a factor 4 times.

A number or mathematical symbol that is multiplied by another number or mathematical symbol to form a product. For example, in the equation 4 • 5 = 20, 4 and 5 are factors.

An equation or an expression that states a rule for a relationship among quantities.  For example, the formula for finding the area of a rectangle can be represented as A = l • w, or simply l • w.

A relation that assigns to each x-value exactly one y-value.

An equation that takes the form f(x) =, and is read “f of x is…”  For example, f(x) = 3x + 7.

If one event has p possible outcomes, and another event has m possible outcomes, then there are a total of p • m possible outcomes for the two events.

The product of the prime factors that two or more terms have in common. The greatest common factor of xyz and 3xy is xy.

A number in the form bi, where b is a real number and i is the square root of −1.

The imaginary term, bi, in a complex number a + bi.

The small positive integer just outside and above the radical symbol that denotes the root. For example, denotes the cube root.

A mathematical statement that shows the relationship between two expressions where one expression can be greater than or less than the other expression.  An inequality is written by using an inequality sign (>, <, ≤, ≥, ≠).

The stationary ray that forms an angle in standard position and lies on the positive x-axis.

A type of variation where the output varies inversely with the input. Inverse variation is represented by the formula .

A type of variation where the output varies jointly with multiple inputs. Joint variation is represented by the formula y = kxz.

Terms that contain the same variables raised to the same powers. For example, 3x and −8x are like terms, as are 8xy² and 0.5xy².

A mathematical statement in two variables using the inequality symbols <, >, ≤, or ≥ to show the relationship between two expressions.  When the inequality symbol is replaced by an equal sign, the resulting related equation will graph as a straight line.

A calculation in which the exponent y in x = b^y is found when given x and b; the corresponding notation is log_bx = y.

A function using a logarithm, in the of the form . A calculation in which the exponent y in x = b^y is found when given x and b; the corresponding notation is log_bx= y.

A polynomial with exactly one term. 4x, −5y², and 6 are all examples of monomials.

For all real numbers a, b, and c, c ≠ 0: If a = b, then ac = bc. If two expressions are equal to each other and you multiply both sides of the equation by the same non-zero number, the equation will remain equal.

Two numbers are multiplicative inverses if their product is 1. For example, .

A logarithm using e as the base (log_e).

An angle measuring more than 90º and less than 180º.

A triangle with one angle that measures between 90º and 180º.

The point where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect on the coordinate plane (0, 0).

A square of a whole number. Since 1² = 1, 2² = 4, 3² = 9, etc., 1, 4, and 9 are perfect squares.

A trinomial that is the product of a binomial times itself, such as a² + 2ab + b² (from (a + b)²), and a² – 2ab + b² (from (a – b)²).

A trinomial that is the product of a binomial times itself, such as a² + 2ab + b² (from (a + b)²), and a² – 2ab + b² (from (a – b)²).

Two lines that lie in the same plane and intersect at a 90º angle.

Two lines that lie in the same plane and intersect at a 90º angle.

The ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. Pi is denoted by the Greek letter . It is often approximated as 3.14 or.

In an exponent a^b, the power is represented by ^b. The power indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. Power and exponent mean the same thing.

To raise a power to a power, multiply the exponents.  (x^a)^b = x^a•b

The process of breaking down a number (or expression) into its prime multiplicative factors. For example, the prime factorization of 12xy is 2 • 2 • 3 • x • y.

The process of breaking down a number (or expression) into its prime multiplicative factors. For example, the prime factorization of 12xy is 2 • 2 • 3 • x • y.

The positive square root of a number, as in . By definition, the radical symbol always means to find the principal root. Note that zero has only one square root, itself (since 0 • 0 = 0).

If ab = 0, then either a = 0 or b = 0, or both a and b are 0.

The product of two or more non-zero numbers raised to a power equals the product of each number raised to the same power: (ab)^x = a^x • b^x

The product of two or more non-zero numbers raised to a power equals the product of each number raised to the same power: (ab)^x = a^x • b^x

To multiply two exponential terms with the same base, add their exponents. (x^a)(x^b) = x^a+b

The formula that relates the lengths of the sides of any right triangle: , where c is the hypotenuse, and a and b are the legs of the right triangle.

The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four regions. These regions are called quadrants.

An equation that can be written in the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where x is a variable, and a, b and c are constants with a ≠ 0.

The result of a division problem.  In the problem , 4 is the quotient.

For any real numbers a and b (b ≠ 0) and any positive integer x:

For any real numbers a and b (b ≠ 0) and any positive integer x:

For any non-zero number x and any integers a and b:

The symbol, , used to denote the process of taking a root of a quantity.

The set of all output values or y-coordinates of the function.

The real term, a, in a complex number a + bi.

A number that when multiplied by a given number gives a product of 1. For example,  and  are reciprocals of each other.

The angle formed by the terminal side of an angle in standard position and the x-axis, whose measure is between 0° and 90°.

A mirror-image of a graph. If the reflection is over the x-axis, then the part of the original graph that was below the x-axis will be above the x-axis, and vice versa.

An angle measuring exactly 90º.

A positive number is written in scientific notation if it is written as a x 10ⁿ where the coefficient a has a value such that 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer.

If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, then the sine of angle A is the ratio of the length of the side opposite angle A over the length of the hypotenuse.

The ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change of two points on a line.

A linear equation written in the form y = mx + b, where m represents the slope of the line, and b represents the y-value of the y-intercept, (0, b).

A number that when multiplied by itself gives the original nonnegative number. For example, 6 • 6 = 36 and −6 • −6 = 36 so 6 is the positive square of 36 and −6  is the negative square root of 36.

If x² = a², then x = a or x = −a.

The placement of an angle upon a set of coordinate axes with its vertex at the origin, its initial side placed along the positive x-axis, and a directional arrow pointing to the angle’s terminal side.

An angle measuring exactly 180º.

Two angles whose measurements add up to 180º.

The left and right halves of the graph are mirror images of each other over the y-axis.

If A is an acute angle of a right triangle, then the tangent of angle A is the ratio of the length of the side opposite angle A over the length of the side adjacent to A.

A number or product of a number and variables raised to powers.  4x, −5y², 6, and x³y⁴ are all examples of terms.

A polynomial with exactly three terms, such as 5y² – 4y + 4 and x² + 2xy +y².

The point where the graph of a linear equation intersects the x-axis (x, 0).

The point where the graph of a linear equation intersects the y-axis (0, y).